This manual represents more than five years of work with chemically dependent individuals who are deaf and hard of hearing. The goal of Clinical Approaches is to provide a framework to service providers for offering treatment that is sensitive to the communication and cultural needs of deaf and hard of hearing individuals. This manual also reflects a particular sensitivity to client diversity that includes ethnic backgrounds, education, socialization, cultural identity, family history and mental health status.

Clinical Approaches is divided into three main sections. Phase I is evaluation. Phase II deals with primary treatment and includes step-work, counseling issues, lectures, spirituality groups, family therapy and other specialty groups. The final section deals with extended care and aftercare programming. [(1994) 166 pages; soft cover]